In order to appreciate what you have, you must understand your past.Copy the following questions into your notebook and then answer the questions.Discovering SWITZERLAND!
"On a Treasure Hunt" Hi! By now, you've read all three pages in "Discovering Switzerland!" — a new kind of study unit for Middle School students. The questions here will help you to review what you learned about Switzerland. They can also help you to expand your "treasure chest" of knowledge about world cultures…. PART A. Directions: Read all five statements carefully. Then, on the line to the left of each one, write T if it is true, F if it is false, or O if it states an opinion. ____ 1. Switzerland's national currency is the Swiss mark. ____ 2. Swiss hero Henry Dunant won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. ____ 3. Switzerland's confederate government was formed by an alliance among its states. ____ 4. Switzerland should have only one official language. ____ 5. Switzerland's policy of neutrality has this goal: The country does not want to get involved with other nations. PART B. Directions: Read the first question carefully. Then select the best answer from the three choices that follow. Copy the LETTER of that choice (a, b, or c) on the line to the left…. Answer all the other questions in Part B the same way. ____ 6. On what continent is Switzerland located? (a) Africa (b) Asia (c) Europe ____ 7. Central Switzerland is a plateau. How did early Swiss people view this plateau? (a) as a place with rich resources (b) as a barrier against northern invaders (c) as a passageway between east and west Europe ____ 8. About how many centuries-old is Switzerland's history as a country? (a) 7 (b) 70 (c) 700 ____ 9. How many official languages does Switzerland have? (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 ____ 10. What percent of the Swiss people speak some form of German? (a) 30 (b) 50 (c) 70 ____ 11. Which term do the Swiss use, when they refer to the states in their Confederation? (a) counties (b) cantons (c) communes ____ 12. When Swiss voters want a change in their nation's constitution, what political tool can they use? (a) indictment (b) initiative (c) inquiry ____ 13. In which of these places would the Swiss people be most likely to hold a national ceremony, to honor their country's freedom? (a) Rutli meadow (b) Jungfraujoch (c) Red Cross headquarters ____ 14. In which of the following books would you most likely find information on Ulrich Zwingli's life? (a)History of Swiss Religious Leaders (b) History of Swiss Tourism (c) History of Swiss Watchmakers ____ 15. Which activity is the major occupation in the CERN labs near Geneva? (a) cheese production (b) movie making (c) scientific research Look at the picture above that shows basic the rights of every human on the planet. Which rights stick out to you and why? How would you feel if your basic rights were taken away from you? Switzerland at a glance:
Layers of the Earth
Four Main Layers of the Earth The planet Earth comprises several layers. Starting from the Earth's surface, there are four main layers; namely, the crust, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. The pressure and temperature increases tremendously from the outer layers to the inner layers. Let's take a look at each of them individually. The Crust: The crust or the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth made up of silicate rock materials. The crust makes up only about one percent of the Earth and is the thinnest layer in comparison to the other three layers. Most earthquakes occur in the Earth's crust. The thickness and the composition of the Earth's crust vary in the land and the ocean. For example: the continental crust is about 32 kilometer thick and composed of lighter materials like granite, quartz and feldspar; whereas, the oceanic crust measures about 10 kilometers and is mostly made up of basalt. The Mantle: The mantle, the largest layer of the Earth, is made up of iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, silicone and oxygen. In fact, most of the Earth's mass (about 80 percent) lies in the mantle. The temperature in this layer is estimated to be about 1000 degrees Celsius. It is in this layer that volcano magma is present. For better understanding, we can say that the mantle layer is divided into the upper and lower sections. The upper mantle is much cooler than the lower (deeper) section. The overall thickness of the mantle layer is 2900 kilometers. The Outer Core: The outer core can be regarded as a ball of very hot metals. The outer core is liquid and made up of iron and nickel. The density is very high, but less than pure molten iron. Hence, scientists are of the opinion that sulfur and oxygen may be present in the outer core. (This is because that they dissolve easily in liquid iron.) The outer core measures 2200 kilometers in thickness. As the Earth rotates, the outer core (consisting of iron) spins over the inner core and generates the Earth's magnetic field, which is the factor responsible for functioning of the magnetic compass. The Inner Core: The inner core, as the name suggests, is the innermost layer of the Earth, and is characterized by extremely high temperature and pressure conditions. The temperature of the inner core layer is more than the sun's surface. The intense heat reflected from the inner core mobilizes the materials of the outer core and the mantle. It is due to the high pressure that the inner core materials are unable to move, and hence remain solid. The thickness of the inner core is believed to be about 1250 kilometers. The diameter of the Earth is 12,756 kilometers. The Earth is enveloped by atmosphere, which comprises five major layers, namely, the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. The atmosphere provides air, water, warmth and protects from the harmful rays of the sun. Without atmosphere, life on earth would be impossible! Social Studies
Brazil Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box below. Rio de Janeiro fazenda Carnival Brasilia evergreen shrub 1. Brazil is the largest country on the continent of South America. Its capital city is _____________________________. 2. The second largest city in Brazil is ________________________________. 3. This huge festival, _________________________ is celebrated for four days in Rio de Janeiro. 4. A coffee plantation in Brazil is called a _____________________________. 5. Coffee is made from the seeds of an ______________________________. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box below. tropical rainforest ecosystem canopy nutrients climate 6. A _________________________________ consists of very tall trees, woody vines and a profusion of flowers, ferns and mosses. 7. An ______________________ is a community of plants and animals within a particular environment of land, air and water. 8. Most of the foods are ____________________ that feed the rainforest are stored in the trees themselves. 9. Upper branches of trees that grow very tall and thick that it blocks out direct sunlight that never reaches many parts of the forest floor is called the ______________________________. 10. The forests also act as a control on ______________________.Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box below. Cultivation of Coffee Planting Tending Harvesting Processing 1. _________________: After shrubs are pruned the ground is kept clear of weeds. Plants are checked regularly to ensure there is no disease. The best coffee comes from plants between 8 and 15 years old. They can produce for up to 30 years. 2. _________________: The beans are dried for about 10 days, then machines remove the outer husk, the beans are graded by coffee tasters who judge its quality and then they classify (group) it. The beans are bagged for shipment to other countries. 3. _________________: The young seedlings are gown from selected seed. It is grown in special nurseries until they are about 18 months old. The seedlings are then transferred to the open ground. 4. _________________: Fragrant white flowers grow in clusters along the branches. Later the coffee fruits called cherries turn from green to red as they ripen. They are picked by hand. The cherries are put into large tanks to soften the fruit. The machines squeeze and wash the fruits to separate the seeds (beans) from the pulp. Fill in the blanks with words from the passage. 5. The _____________________ is used as a flavoring for various food products. 6. The oil extracted (taken out of) the beans are used in _____________, __________________________, _____________________, ___________________, and ________________________. 7. A substance that comes from out of the flowers is used to make __________________________. |
A Thought"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed people can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has." -Margaret Meade Archives
March 2014
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